Indonesia

1. Explain the policies Guided Democracy and Orde Baru.

‘Guided Democracy’ is a term introduce by President Sukaro for reforming the party system and replacing liberal democracy which would give the president the wider government authority. It was introduce in 1956 in tooks 3 years for implimentation.

Orde Baru is the term coined by former Indonesian President Suharto to characterize his regime as he came to power in 1966 with system of authoritarian rule to reconstruct the country. Suharto used this term to contrast his rule with that of his predecessor, Sukarno ,Orde Lama because as the leader of the Indonesian Nationalists at time of its victory over the colonial Dutch, President Sukarno held immense moral power over the Indonesian public. This eventually translated into great political powers as well, as Sukarno became increasingly autocratic throughout the timespan of his rule.The term Orde Baru in more recent times has become synonymous with the Suharto years between 1966-1998. Among much of the pro-democracy movement which forced Suharto to resign in the Indonesian 1998 Revolution and then gained power, the term Orde Baru has come to be used pejoratively. It is frequently employed by them to describe figures who were either tied to the Suharto regime, or who upheld practices of his authoritarian regime, such as corruption, collusion and nepotism.

Under the Orde Baru, surviving members of the Communist Party of Indonesia, as well as those considered sympathizers or fellow travelers, were branded "political detainees" (Indonesian: tahanan politik) commonly appreviated tapol. During and after the civil war, tapol were often given harsh prison sentences without trial, and their property was either seized or destroyed.And also, stereotypes of the Chinese as disproportionately affluent and greedy were common throughout the time but with the anti-Communist hysteria, the association of the Chinese Indonesians with the People's Republic of China caused them to also be viewed as a communist fifth column.

2- What does VOC stand for?

VOC stand for Dutch East India Company or Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie which mean United East Indian Company.